Please complete ALL writing prompts. These are not singular questions. They are comprehensive, multi-layered questions that require an approach from multiple angles of thought and require substantial description and explanation. there’s no need for citations or anything of that sort … just explain it as you understand it in your own words.
1. Give an example of how one of our common-sense perceptions of the world turned out to be completely wrong. Explain how this phenomenon seemed to be empirically reasonable, but then in truth, turned out to be very counter-intuitive. 
2. Describe Donald Hoffman’s Multimodal user interface (MUI) theory. Then, give a description of Plato’s allegory of the cave. What does the cave represent when it comes to our perception of the world? How might we regard MUI theory as a kind of modern version of Plato’s cave? In other words, how are they similar in their conceptualization of human perception?
3. Let’s say we ask Plato to describe an olive tree. He’s Greek, so he’s probably pretty familiar with them. What is he going to tell us regarding its ‘form’ and the material ‘stuff’ that it’s made of? Don’t forget to include the ‘elements’ it contains, and why those elements are composed of geometrically shaped particles. Then let’s ask Aristotle to describe the same olive tree, and why he thinks Plato’s description is incorrect. How does Aristotle’s description improve on his teacher’s description? 
4. Aristotle described four different types of syllogism. First, what is a syllogism and how is it structured? Second, what are the four different types? Please give an example for each. Finally, explain how Frege’s innovations expanded on Aristotelian logic. How did these innovations make it possible to express more complex sentences (propositions)? Please provide an example of an Aristotelian sentence compared to a Fregean sentence. You don’t have to write them is symbolic form, just use regular words. 
5. What is the difference between a deductive inference and an inductive inference? Please be specific about how we get from the premises to a conclusion in both cases. Provide your own example of each type of inference.