1) Layton claims the ASCE and AIME failed engineers due to the fact that one was overly restrictive and one was overly permissive about who could become a member. In both cases (ASCE and AIME), cite a passage giving evidence of why these membership criteria were flawed (2-3 sentences each). Then say which failure you consider worse, and why
2) Burr argues that engineers should study mathematics even if “It matters little that the engineer is seldom required in his practical life to use the pure mathematics for purposes of investigation” (Burr, 1893, 27). Welch, by contrast, argues that “Too much time spent on scientific abstractions and refinements (however such useful things may be to the philosopher), is more than wasted by the engineer; it unfits him for practical purposes” (Welch, 1876, 71). Which author do you agree with more? Explain why, including a quotation from the author you agree with more 
3) As we have seen in this unit, professional societies can serve several functions, ranging from creating ethical codes to establishing standards for entering the profession to advocating for business interests to pursing original research to increasing the profession’s status (note that these are relevant to other professional societies as well, not just those in engineering). In today’s world, which of these tasks do you think is most important for your profession, and which do you think is least important? (2-4 sentences). Is this different from what you would have said about the late 19th century? 
4) Do you plan to join a professional society later in your career, and has your answer changed from the start of the module?