1. Early Material
1. What is “Ethics”? What is its relationship to “Value”?
2. The normative/descriptive distinction
3. What is epistemology? What is metaphysics? What is skepticism?
4. What was Descartes’ basic puzzle?
5. What is Theological Voluntarism? How did it contribute to the “moral crisis of the Modern Era”?
6. Who was Montaigne? What position did he endorse?
7. Who was Hobbes? What did he mean by the state of nature? What were the basic “conditions” for humans in the state of nature? How did Hobbes use the state of nature to offer a solution to the moral crisis?
8. What do philosophers mean by prudential reason?
9. What is the Utilitarian principle? And what is the basic argument for it?
10. What were the two parts of Mill’s theory qualitative hedonism?
11. What is the difference between the three consequentialist theories: Utilitarianism, Altruism, Egoism?
12. What are some objections to Utilitarianism?
13. What is Kant’s Categorical Imperative