1. Explicit and implicit bias on the part of healthcare professionals MOST directly violate what ethical principle?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
2. What ethical principle MOST aligns with the virtues of equality, respect for differences, and absence of discrimination?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
3. What step is FIRST in an ethical decision-making model?
Identify ethical principles and values at stake.
Identify your intuitive choice.
Identify the ethical question.
Identify the options.
4. True or False: After a provider completes the informed consent process with a person competent to make their own decisions, the person wants a procedure likely to produce less physical benefit than other proposed procedures, but better aligns with their religious beliefs. It is an ethical violation for the provider to choose NOT to allow the procedure the person chose.
True
FALSE
5. What is an example of hard paternalism?
When a parent makes a decision for their child
When a surrogate makes a decision for an adult who cannot self-govern
When a clinician makes a medical decision for a competent adult without their consent
When resources are scarce and allocation favors the youngest people to save the greatest number of life-years
6. What is FALSE about implicit bias?
It is reduced when clinicians make decisions based on their own personal values.
It distorts thinking in a way that people do not realize.
It is better managed when people become more aware of their biases.
It impacts decisions when clinicians consider opposing values and beliefs outside their own.
7. You have just determined the best action for an ethical dilemma. What is the next step in the decision-making model?
Support the decision.
Identify other possible options.
Identify ethical principles and values at stake.
Gather all relevant facts.
8. What is the difference between morals and ethics?
Morals are based on what the world views as right and wrong behavior and ethics are based on individual beliefs.
Morals are personal beliefs about right and wrong and ethics are rules that define right and wrong conduct for members of a group.
Morals maintain safety, peace, and order in society and ethics maintain professional standards.
Moral codes always align with laws, but ethical codes do not always align with laws.
9. What is a condition for which a person’s autonomy is limited by law?
End of life
Self-harm
Refusal of care
Disagreement with provider
10. What is TRUE regarding beneficence?
It is most concerned with fairness and avoiding discrimination in your care.
It means providing care that is most beneficial to an individual.
The first priority is always on what is best for the individual’s physical wellbeing.
It requires health professionals to follow evidence-based practice.