Current practices and guidelines for skin preparations before vaccination/immunization
1. Recommendations of WHO / CDC
2. Highlight guidelines from the CDC emphasizing hand hygiene but not mandating alcohol swab use for skin preparation
3. Recommendations by organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) against routine alcohol swabbing before vaccinations
4. Mention practices within local health centers (especially use of water in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila)
Write A LITERATURE REVIEW answering numbers 1 to 4 above, that includes recent studies and data to ensure that the research is up to date. Each point would ideally be supported by peer-reviewed articles, official guidelines, and comparative studies that have been conducted in similar contexts. It is important to evaluate the strength of the evidence provided in these sources, such as sample size, study design, and relevance to the local context in which the inoculations are being performed. 5 REFERENCES 2018 AND ABOVE.