Introduction to Ethics Final Exam UC Irvine | Winter 2024 Instructions: Clearly and concisely answer each of the following questions in absolutely no more than a half, double-spaced typed page. Use 12-point Times New Roman font with one-inch margins. You will not receive credit for any part of your answer that exceeds this space restriction. Do not include a Works Cited page. You may simply answer the question (citing the question number) without rephrasing it or formulating a thesis statement. If you work with others on your answers, your answers must be put entirely in your own words. If the language of your answer is at any point even close to that of another student, you automatically fail. Exams will be checked for plagiarism and AI assistance. The exam is due March 15th by 11:59pm. It must be uploaded directly to Canvas to the assignment called Final Exam. Late Policy: No late final exams will be accepted, under any circumstances. I suggest you begin working now, and plan to turn the exam in a few days early to avoid any unexpected delays due to illness or other circumstances. Questions: 1. Explain Sher’s appeal to the role of reflection in responding to the problem of the contingency of our moral beliefs. 2. Using your own example, explain why Harman thinks that observation is always “theory laden.” 3. According to Taylor, what is emotivism? Explain one of his objections to emotivism. 4. How does Shafer-Landau’s argument that ethics is a species of philosophy lend support for moral realism? 5. “If one negligently leaves the bath running with the baby in it, one will realize, as one bounds up the stairs toward the bathroom, that if the baby has drowned one has done something awful, whereas if it has not one has merely been careless.” Explain the significance of this example for Nagel. 6. What is “determinism”? How does determinism threaten the possibility of moral responsibility? 7. According to P.F. Strawson, what are “reactive attitudes”? Explain one role these attitudes play in his argument against universal adoption of the objective attitude. 8. “Every action of mine is prompted by motives or desires or impulses which are my motives and not somebody else’s. This fact might be expressed by saying that whenever I act I am always pursuing my own ends or trying to satisfy my own desires. And from this we might pass on to – ‘I am always pursuing something for myself or seeking my own satisfaction.’ Here is what seems like a proper description of a man acting selfishly, and if the description applies to all actions of all men, then it follows that all men in all their actions are selfish.” Explain one reason why Feinberg thinks this argument fails to support psychological egoism. 9. Explain Liao’s distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic moral defects in the context of aesthetic judgments. 10. According to your own reasoning, should deaf parents have the right to bring deaf children up as members of Deaf culture? Your answer should engage with Sparrow. 11. Explain one reason why, from a feminist perspective, Held argues that “moral theory […] will have to be transformed to take adequate account of the experience of women.” 12. “Making music, listening to music, reading with all my attention, these activities are part and parcel of my life; to call them hobbies would make a mockery of them.” Explain how this description of hobbies relates to Adorno’s critique of free time.