Directions
All students should complete one (1) case study below.  Note: All case studies are provided as a learning tool for students who wish to have them. 
Case 1 
You are examining a 5-week-old infant and hear a systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border. You suspect a ventricular septal defect. The parents are concerned and have several questions. 
Answer the following questions based on this scenario. 
What is the cause of a ventricular septal defect? 
WHAT PROBLEMS WILL OUR BABY HAVE DUE TO HIS VSD?  
How does the defect create these problems? 
What diagnostic tests will be ordered?