What is critical chain scheduling, and how is it different from critical pathway analysis? Give two examples of its use in healthcare.

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Stakeholder engagement enables businesses to proactively take into account the requirements and preferences of all parties with an interest in them. This helps build relationships, confidence, and buy-in for your business’s most important activities. Stakeholder involvement, when done properly, can reduce possible risks and conflicts with stakeholder groups, including ambiguity, dissatisfaction, misalignment, disengagement, and resistance to change. Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning is essential. Your stakeholders must comprehend your mission, goals, and strategy in order for them to support you. Additionally, it’s crucial that your organization’s KEY stakeholders are on board with and committed to its strategic direction in order for them to act as champions and supporters of your purpose and vision.  
Don’t worry if you haven’t yet had the pleasure of working with challenging stakeholders. Soon, you will. As a result, you must be prepared with techniques for handling them cordially so that you may keep working on the project despite any difficulties. It’s far simpler to say than to do to design a strategy for project stakeholder management. Stakeholder management can be difficult, especially if they act in ways that compromise the common goal. Taking note of stakeholders’ expectations and project objectives is one of the most important components of managing stakeholders.  
Knowing what to say to a client who is dissatisfied with the project status report can be very challenging. Yes, constructive criticism is always beneficial, and occasionally, you could even gain from being boldly honest. However, some participants might be unpleasant and unhelpful without good reason. As a result, there may be delays and poor quality with your project. Your best option in this situation is to strive for total campaign transparency, which can help increase stakeholder confidence in the initiative.  
Finding out who your stakeholders are and what drives them is the first step. Anyone who is impacted by your work, has control over it or an interest in its success is a stakeholder. If you don’t like what you hear, don’t cut off communication. Put yourself in the position of challenging stakeholders to better comprehend their motivations and objectives. Try to understand where they are coming from. Plan a meeting with each of the challenging stakeholders. They feel less pressure and more at ease while meeting alone, away from other stakeholders. Conversations become more lucid and relaxed as a result. 

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Critical chain scheduling or CCS, is a project management technique that focuses on the identification of the longest chain of dependent tasks and resources, known as the critical chain, in a project schedule. It involves the allocation of buffers or additional time to critical tasks to mitigate delays caused by uncertainty and resource constraints. On the other hand, critical pathway analysis or CPA, is a project management tool that identifies the shortest sequence of tasks needed to complete a project, taking into account dependencies and resource availability. CPA focuses on the identification of the critical path and critical activities that must be completed on time to avoid project delays.
The main difference between critical chain scheduling and critical pathway analysis is that critical chain scheduling accounts for uncertainties and resource constraints by introducing buffers, whereas critical pathway analysis focuses on the shortest path without considering uncertainties and resource constraints. Additionally, CCS can be used to manage projects that have uncertain durations, whereas CPA is used for projects with known durations.
A study by Attarzadeh and Zarei (2016) applied critical chain scheduling to the development of a chemotherapy unit in a hospital. Attarzadeh and Zarei identified the critical chain of tasks involved in the project and analyzed the resource requirements for each task. By optimizing the use of resources and reducing the impact of uncertainties, the project was completed ahead of schedule and within the allocated budget. In another study, Zand and Sajjadi (2017) used critical chain scheduling to optimize the scheduling of surgeries in a hospital. The authors identified the critical chain of tasks involved in the surgical process and used simulation modeling to identify the optimal scheduling strategy. The results showed that the critical chain scheduling approach led to a significant reduction in patient waiting times and improved the overall efficiency of the surgical process.